Eco Hvar

Orhideje: Skromne, Nevjerojatne, Očaravajuće!

2023. na Hvaru otkrivena su dva lokaliteta orhideja od strane gostujućih stručnjaka iz Zagreba, koji su pronašli endem Ophrys pharia i Himantoglossum robertianum.

Ophrys pharia, „Forka” Ophrys pharia, „Forka” Photo courtesy of Berislav Horvatić & Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Hrvatske divlje orhideje nisu spektakularne vrste poput onih iz tropskih krajeva. Iako cijenjene među ljubiteljima prirode, prečesto lokalnom stanovništvu prolaze neprimijećeno. Rezultat toga je nemarno uništavanje orhideja i njihovih staništa, posebno kroz ekstenzivnu uporabu herbicida. Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska je vrhunska botaničarka, po profesiji nastavnica. Njezin suprug Berislav Horvatić bio je viši znanstveni suradnik na Institutu za fiziku u Zagrebu, a nakon umirovljenja posvetio je velik dio svog vremena, ali i znanstvene stručnosti proučavanju orhideja zajedno sa svojom suprugom.

Ophrys pharia. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Ophrys pharia bila je godinama nedohvatljiva. Berislav i Ljiljana znali su da je Ophrys pharia specifična za Hvar: opisali su je P. Devillers i J. Devillers-Terschuren u časopisu Naturalistes Belges (vol. 85: 233) 2004. godine, a fotografirali su je u blizini sela Vrbanj u središnjem dijelu Hvara u travnju 2007. godine.

Ophrys pharia. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Lijljana Borovečki-Voska

Prije 2004. godine, Ophrys pharia bila je opisana kao podvrsta. Kada su 29. travnja 2023. krenuli u potragu za Ophrys phariu na Hvaru, bili su svjesni da će to biti zastrašujući izazov, možda čak i 'nemoguća misija'. Ophrys pharia opisana je na web stranici „Orchids of Britain and Europe“: „Ovo je veoma ugrožena vrsta, za koju se smatralo da je ne samo endem za Hrvatsku, već specifično za otok Hvar, gdje sve agresivnije poljoprivredne metode smanjuju stanište dostupno ovoj vrsti koju sada postaje izuzetno teško pronaći, čak i na njenim nekadašnjim uporištima oko Vrboske, u središnjem dijelu otoka.“

Ophrys pharia u polju. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Kada se ugleda sitne orhideje stisnute među ostalim divljim cvijećem, bude sasvim jasno zašto je potrebna stručna makrofotografija kako bi se potvrdilo opažanje rijetkih vrsta!

Ophrys pharia u prirodi. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Još važnije, značajke po kojima se razlikuju pojedine orhideje od drugih, često su vrlo suptilni detalji, što naravno čini orhideje tako fascinantnim i izazovnim biljkama za proučavanje.

Berislav slika orhideje.

Pravi stručnjaci poput Ljiljane (kojih je naravno vrlo malo) godinama strpljivo promatraju orhideje kako bi mogli sa sigurnošću identificirati različite vrste. Ophrys pharia križa se s Ophrys rhodostephane i ti hibridi su izuzetno rijetki.

Hibrid ophrys pharia x ophrys rhodostephane. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska
Hibridi. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Ophrys rhodostephane se izrazito razlikuje od Ophrys pharia te obiluje u Dalmaciji, a i na Hvaru. Vrijedan savjet Berislava: „najbolji i najlakši način da ih vidite mnogo je spora vožnja starom cestom između Brusja i Selca - naravno, u pravo doba godine. Neasfaltirana cesta kroz Rovan je također izvrsna.“ 

Ophrys rhodostephane. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Nizozemski stručnjak za orhideje Frank Verhart proučavao je orhideje tijekom nekoliko posjeta Hvaru, no nije ugledao Ophrys phariu, da bi na kraju Berislav i Ljiljana u roku od tri dana pronašli ništa manje od devet primjeraka u okolici Vrbanja! Poput Franka Verharta i drugih botaničara, odmah su podijelili svoja otkrića s hrvatskom bazom podataka Flora Croatica Database. Pronalazak Himantoglossum robertianum (sin. Barlia robertiana) bio je neočekivani bonus, kako prethodno nije bio zabilježen na Hvaru.

Himantoglossum robertianum. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Pronalazač je zapravo bio lokalni stanovnik Antun Vranković Bili iz sela Svirče. Iako se vrsta teško pronašla, nakon otkrića, Ljiljana i Berislav odmah su je identificirati. Prvobitno je viđena na području Rovana blizu Svirača. Ljiljana i Berislav su kasnije pronašli još jedan primjerak u masliniku ispod Pitava, zbog čega su zaključili da na otoku ima još primjeraka, iako rijetkih.

Antun Vranković Bili. Foto: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Kako bi proslavili da Ophrys pharia nije izumrla na Hvaru, Berislav i Ljiljana su zabilježili svoje povijesno otkriće na šalicama kao trajni suvenir! 

Slavljeničke šalice. Fotografija: Berislav Horvatić i Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska

Izuzetno smo zahvalni Berislavu Horvatiću i Ljiljani Borovečki-Voska što su s nama podijelili neprocjenjive informacije o svom uspješnom terenskom putovanju na Hvar 2023. godine, kao i na dopuštenju da koristimo njihove tekstove i fotografije. Njihova predanost je od iznimne pomoći u kampanji podizanja svijesti o detaljima predivnih prirodnih resursa Hrvatske, kako bi ih očuvali i njegovali za buduće generacije. 

Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska autorica je knjige „Orhideje na Strahinjščici i susjednim područjima“, u nakladi Alfa, 2010. godine.

Relevantni članci:

Ljiljana Borovečki-Voska, Berislav Horvatic. 2020.  Orhidejski hibridi (Orchidaceae) na otoku Krku. Orchid hybrids (Orchidceae) on the Island of Krk. Glasnik hrvatskog botaničkog društva. (Article in Croatian)

Frank Verhart: Orchid observations in Croatia in 2017 and 2018: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tqx1iIJUFLN8H7LJlFTkvlD6YhdzfsmJ/edit

Frank Verhart: 2017. Orchids on Pelješac. Eco Hvar website.

Frank Verhart. Orchid observations in Croatia in 2019. http://www.franknature.nl/Verhart%20orchid%20observations%20in%20Croatia%20in%202019.pdf

Grace Brewer. February 2024. Sneaky orchids and their pollination tricks. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Blog article.

© Vivian Grisogono 2024.
Prijevod: Josip Vlainić

 

 

Srodni sadržaj (po oznakama)

na vrh članka
Nalazite se ovdje: Home Novosti iz prirode Orhideje: Skromne, Nevjerojatne, Očaravajuće!

Eco Environment News feeds

  • US banks predict climate goals will fail – but air conditioning firms will thrive

    Reports predict global heating will bring catastrophes and that air conditioning market could grow by 41%

    The world is on track for disastrous global heating – but this will create profits for some air conditioning companies, according to forecasts by leading Wall Street financial institutions.

    Recent reports by Morgan Stanley, JPMorgan Chase and the Institute of International Finance all make clear the finance sector considers the Paris climate agreement limiting global temperatures, signed a decade ago by nearly 200 nations, is effectively dead and investors should plan accordingly.

    Continue reading...

  • Big, biodiverse and beautiful: can Romania’s centuries-old giant haystacks survive modern farming?

    Traditional methods benefit hundreds of species but as new agricultural techniques take over, the distinctive haystacks mark a vanishing way of life

    Golden haystacks shaped like teardrops have been a symbol of rural life in Romania for hundreds of years. The 3-metre-high (10ft) ricks are the culmination of days of hard work by families, from children up to grandparents, in the height of summer.

    Together they cut waist-high grass, leave it to dry in the hot sun and stack it up to be stored over the winter, combing the hay downwards to protect it from harsh winds, heavy rain and snow. Throughout winter, clumps of it are removed from the haystacks and fed to livestock.

    Continue reading...

  • I don’t want to die with a freezer full of seeds. It’s time to rethink biodiversity and preservation | Chris Smith

    Hurricane Helene proved a hard truth: a freezer of seeds is the literal version of putting all your eggs in one basket

    About a month after Hurricane Helene devastated western North Carolina last fall, Rodger Winn and I met in an Asheville, North Carolina, supermarket parking lot. He’d driven two hours from Little Mountain, South Carolina, where the passing storm had also left its destructive mark.

    “When the power finally came back on,” Winn said, “two of my freezers didn’t work.” Winn was worried not about spoiled food inside, but his seed collection. On that autumn day, in an act of forced downsizing and seed philanthropy, Winn handed over two boxes filled with seeds. He wanted me, as founder of the non-profit Utopian Seed Project, to share the seeds with farmers across the region. The boxes contained a trove of Appalachian varieties: speckled field peas, white mountain half-runner beans, purple-podded bush beans and lots of butterbeans.

    Continue reading...

  • Environment secretary’s appeal against Yorkshire river pollution ruling fails

    Appeal court finds in favour of anglers who said plans to clean up river were so vague ​a​s to be totally ineffectual

    A group of anglers trying to restore the ecosystem of a river have seen off a challenge by the environment secretary, Steve Reed, who claimed that cleaning up the waterway was administratively unworkable.

    Reed pursued an appeal against a group of anglers from North Yorkshire, who had won a legal case arguing that the government and the Environment Agency’s plans to clean up the Upper Costa Beck, a former trout stream devastated by sewage pollution and runoff, were so vague they were ineffectual.

    Continue reading...

  • Weatherwatch: Mixed woodlands can help temper weather extremes, study shows

    Species-rich plot can produce cooling effect 4C greater than single-species plot

    Woodland with lots of different kinds of trees can do a good job of buffering heatwaves and extreme cold. Now a new study demonstrates that increasing the mix of species can help to mitigate climate extremes.

    Florian Schnabel, from the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research in Leipzig, and colleagues measured forest temperatures over a six-year period at the world’s largest tree diversity experiment in Xingangshan, in subtropical China. Their results, published in Ecology Letters, show that species-rich plots provided the greatest cooling effect during summer, with cooling more than 4C greater in an experimental plot with 24 species compared with a single-species plot. Diverse plots also maintained more warmth under the tree canopy on cold nights and during winter.

    Continue reading...

  • Country diary: They look like tiny green toenails. So why the name ‘maidenhair’ spleenwort? Sara Hudston

    Bridport, Dorset: The common fern’s name was inspired by another phase of its life cycle, when fronds die off and spindly threads of stem remain in luxuriant, wiry tufts

    The modest clumps of fern clustering on the wall have a strangely reptilian appearance. Their short, slightly wavy green fronds with blackish central stems seem frozen in mid-writhe, as if they are the tails of lizards disappearing into cracks.

    Maidenhair spleenwort is one of the commonest small ferns. It grows in stony places almost worldwide, with many subspecies and hybrids. The type found most often in the UK thrives on limestone (Asplenium trichomanes subspecies quadrivalens). It’s widespread in towns, where the damp, gritty, lime-based mortar of old buildings provides an ideal habitat similar to mountain scree. Shopping in Bridport, I notice it growing on the boundary of a public car park.

    Continue reading...

  • In the event of a hung parliament, one wildcard has been largely overlooked – the Nationals

    If Peter Dutton needs to court the crossbench to form minority government after the election, he would risk putting his Coalition partner offside on climate and environment policy

    If the Coalition wins the election, it will face a concerted push from its junior partner, the Nationals, to weaken and even abandon climate initiatives and promote coal as an interim measure in the Coalition’s nuclear power plan.

    That would put Peter Dutton and the Liberals between a rock and a hard place should he seek to form a minority government, given that might require the support of environmentally minded crossbenchers.

    Continue reading...

  • Invertebrate of the year 2025: vote for your favourite

    Since February we’ve gone in search of the invertebrate of the year. Now it’s your chance to choose

    Invertebrates – animals without spines – make up the vast majority of life on Earth. The Guardian’s invertebrate of the year contest celebrates the unsung heroes of the planet. Readers have nominated thousands of amazing animals, we’ve chosen a shortlist of 10, and now you can vote for your favourite.

    1. The tongue-biting louse burrows in through a fish’s gills, clings to its tongue and eats what the fish eats.

    Continue reading...

  • An elusive worm: the salinella is shrouded in mystery

    A 19th-century zoologist found the ‘little salt dweller’, which could be a portal to the past – if only we could locate it again

    Last February, with colleagues Gert and Philipp and my daughter Francesca, I made the long journey to an unremarkable city called Río Cuarto, east of the Argentinian Andes. We went in search of a worm of unusual distinction.

    Why a worm? As humans, we naturally love the animals that are most familiar. But from a zoologist’s point of view, the vertebrates, from mammals and birds to frogs and fish, can be seen as variations on a single theme. We all have a head at one end (with skull, eyes and jaws); in the middle, a couple of pairs of limbs (a goldfish’s fins, or your arms and legs); and, holding all this together, a backbone ending in a tail.

    Continue reading...

  • Specieswatch: Sardines doing well around UK, but struggling in warmer waters

    Scientists say they are ingesting more microplastics in Mediterranean as the plankton they feed on struggle to survive in warming waters

    As the Latin name suggests, Sardina pilchardus can be called a sardine or a pilchard when it is tinned or offered on a fishmonger’s slab. One common definition is that if it is longer than 15cm it is called a pilchard and if smaller, a sardine.

    However, when pilchards fell out of favour with consumers, 15cm pilchards were rebranded as Cornish sardines and sales picked up again. To add to the confusion, other small silver fish are often passed off as sardines.

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com

Izvor nije pronađen
Copyright © 2025 Eco Hvar. Sva prava zadržana. Developed by Orion Informatika.