Eco Hvar

Pesticidi, zarada, mučenje

Izraz očajnog terora na majmunčevu licu nezaboravna je slika, noćna mora svakome tko je iole empatičan prema žrtvama mučenja, bio to čovjek ili životinja. Životinje su najveće žrtve opasnih kemikalija.

Pesticidi, zarada, mučenje

Ipak, u piktogramima upozorenja koji se pojavljuju na pakiranjima kemikalija životinje nisu uključene.

Marketinški genij osmislio je izraz “sredstva za zaštitu bilja”, blagi eufemizam kojim prikriva stvarnost otrovnih kemijskih pesticida. Osigurao je paravan za buduće marketinške trikove, oksimoron “sigurni pesticidi” i povezani koncept “održivog korištenja pesticida”. “Konvencionalna poljoprivreda” još je jedan pogrešan pojam, pokušaj kojim nas se pokušava uvjeriti da je poljoprivreda bazirana na kemijskim pesticidima oduvijek bila norma. Sve ove besramne zablude osmišljene su da zbunjuju javnost te lokalne, državne i međunarodne vlasti navuku da daju podršku agrokemijskoj industriji i njezinoj ogromnoj zaradi.

U studenom 2019. godine novoizabrana hrvatska ministrica poljoprivrede Marija Vučković usprotivila se zabrani glifosata, sastavnog dijela najčešće korištenih pesticida na svijetu, uključujući “Roundup”. Dana 2. ožujka 2020. u pisanom odgovoru na pitanje od portala 'Total Croatia News'  postavljeno u skladu sa Zakonom o slobodi informiranja, službena podrška ministarstva potvrđena je iznijevši da nema “bitnih znanstvenih dokaza” o štetnosti glifosata. Ovo je iznenađujuće, budući da postoji mnogo vjerodostojnih znanstvenih dokaza da glifosat može biti vrlo opasan za zdravlje i okoliš.

Ključni problem je pitanje “znanstvenih dokaza”. U Europskoj uniji, kao i Sjedinjenim američkim državama, odobrenja kojima se dozvoljava oglašavanje i uporaba pesticida, gotovo se isključivo temelje na neobjavljenim “znanstvenim istraživanjima” koju sponzorira agrokemijska industrija. Za razliku od toga, nezavisna istraživanja objavljene u renomiranim časopisima zanemaruju se. U slučaju glifosata, ovo je dovelo do kontradikcije između zaključka Međunarodne agencije za istraživanje raka (IARC, agencija za rak u sklopu Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije) da je glifosat “vjerojatno genotoksičan i kancerogen” (link na engleskom) te suprotnog stajališta promovirano od strane Europske agencije za sigurnost hrane (EFSA) (link na engleskom) i Američke agencije za zaštitu okoliša (EPA) (link na engleskom). Dok se IARC oslanja na propisno provjerena objavljena istraživanja (link na engleskom), EFSA i EPA u obzir su uzeli samo istraživanja sponzorirana od strane industrije koja su uglavnom neobjavljena a često i tajna. U Europi procedure za autorizaciju pesticida su znatno neispravne. 

Majmun sjedi u strahu, stegnutog vrata, tjednima i mjesecima se bespomoćno podvrgavajući svakodnevnom mučenju uzorkovanja otrova dok ga smrt ne stigne.

Europska unija primjenjuje načela dobre laboratorijske prakse (DLP) (link na engleskom) kao sredstvo kojim osigurava da se laboratorijska ispitivanja “ispravno” provode. Ovaj sustav daleko je od pouzdanog. Izvješće objavljeno 2020. godine (link na engleskom) otkrilo je da je laboratorij farmakologije i toksikologije (LFT) u Hamburgu tijekom razdoblja od nekih 15 godina lažiralo DLP istraživanja o toksičnosti, na primjer, zamjenom umrlih životinja živim te zataškavanjem otkrića o raku. Hamburški LFT provodi regulaciona istraživanja u ime farmaceutske i kemijske industrije, stoga se može zaključiti da su rezultati manipulirani kako bi odgovarali interesima industrije. LFT odgovaran je za brojna istraživanja glifosata od kojih su neki korišteni kada je supstanca ponovno odobrena od strane Europske unije 2017. godine.

Kemijski pesticidi potencijalno su opasni tijekom proizvodnje, distribucije i primjene; otrovi se mogu širiti zrakom, zemljom i vodom; može ih se dalje prenijeti preko obuće i odjeće; izdržljivi su u okolišu gdje se mogu akumulirati; prevladavaju u hrani koju jedemo, koja je proizvodena "konvencionalnim" metodama. “ Sigurne razine opasnih tvari definiraju se kao količine koje ne prelaze određenu granicu. Ta granica predstavlja teoretsku količinu koja može načiniti štetu, okolišu a osobito ljudskom zdravlju. Količina bilo kojeg dozvoljenog pesticida u hrani je dana kao "maksimalna razina ostataka" ili MRO. Europska agencija za kemikalije (ECHA) 07. ožujka izdala je popis od 4612 odobrenih biocidnih proizvoda i 854 aktivnih biocidnih tvari. Budući da popis ne uključuje fungicide i herbicide, isti nije potpun. 200 tvari identificirano je kao "vrlo zabrinjavajuće" (tj. izrazito opasno), a ECHA otvoreno je priznala da je agrokemijska industrija kriva što potrošačima nije pružila odgovarajuće informacije i upozorenja o rizicima (link na engleskom). Popis pesticida koji se koristi u Hrvatskoj, a koji popisuje Eco Hvar, na prvi pogled pokazuje da je velika većina potencijalno vrlo štetna za ljudsko zdravlje, a velik broj može biti i fatalan.

Ispitivanje radi utvrđivanja takozvane razine sigurnosti za pojedinačne tvari potpuno je irelevantno za stvarnost uporabe pesticida. U praksi, gdje se primjenjuje takozvana konvencionalna poljoprivreda, više kemikalija se obično primjenjuje na jednom području. Nitko ne može znati kakvi bi njihovi kombinirani učinci mogli biti na okoliš, divlje životinje te zdravlje ljudi ili životinja. Ispitivanje pesticida na životinjama kakvo se do sad prakticiralo nebitno je, neetično i strašno okrutno. ECHA navodi da treba koristiti alternativne vrste testiranja (link na engleskom), a testiranje na životinjama kao posljednje sredstvo. To se ne događa. Na tisuće životinja svih vrsta bilo je i nastavlja biti mučeno i žrtvovano u uzaludnim pokušajima da se dokaže nemoguće, a to je da su pesticidi možda "sigurni". Nema šanse.

Više detalja o laboratorijskoj prijevari možete pročitati na ovoj poveznici, (link na engleskom) ali BUDITE UPOZORENI! Informacije su uznemirujuće, osobito ako ste ljubitelj životinja. Ako ste punoljetni državljanin EU, možete poduzeti mjere protiv industrije pesticida i njegove bezočne prakse potpisivanjem europske građanske inicijative "Spasimo pčele i poljoprivrednike", kampanja za progresivno smanjenje uporabe pesticida diljem regije, ujedno i za obnavljanje biološke raznolikosti i pružanje podrške poljoprivrednicima kako bi im se pomoglo u tranziciji s pesticida na sigurnije primjene u poljoprivredi. Ako želite učiniti nešto na praktičnoj razini, odabir kupovine samo organskih proizvoda najsnažnija je poruka koju možete poslati onima koji kontroliraju proizvodnju hrane a time činite i najbolje za svoje zdravlje.

© Vivian Grisogono, ožujak 2020.

Prijevod: Dinka Barbić

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