Eco Hvar

Otok Hvar i kulturna baština na UNESCO-ovim listama

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Izložba Hrvatska nematerijalna kulturna baština na UNESCO-ovim listama okuplja iznimne primjere hrvatske žive baštine koja i u suvremenosti obogaćuje naš društveni i kulturni život. 

Jelšanski Križ u Pitvama, 2014.god. Jelšanski Križ u Pitvama, 2014.god. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Predstavljanje te izložbe u Jelsi i Starome Gradu prilika je otočanima da prepoznaju vlastite vrijednosti u šarolikoj nacionalnoj baštini. Ova “putujućaˮ izložba dolaskom na otok Hvar posjećuje dobro znanog prijatelja i u središte stavlja čovjeka i njegovu zajednicu, najvažnije nositelje predstavljene nematerijalne baštine. Koliki je ulog Hvara u toj izložbi najbolje govori činjenica da ovaj otok povezujemo s četiri kulturna dobra uvrštena na Reprezentativnu listu nematerijalne kulturne baštine čovječanstva predstavljena ovom prilikom. Procesija Za križen i čipka od agave hvarskih benediktinki prvi su hvarski predstavnici uvršteni na tu listu 2009. godine. Slijedilo ih je klapsko pjevanje kao izraz kulturnog identiteta čitave Dalmacije pa tako i otoka Hvara, a uvršteno je na Reprezentativnu listu 2012. godine. Već sljedeće godine – 2013., pridružuje im se i mediteranska prehrana, a nositelji te multinacionalne nematerijalne kulturne baštine u Hrvatskoj su otoci Hvar i Brač. Time su otok Hvar i njegovi stanovnici prepoznati na svjetskoj kulturnoj karti kao iznimni nositelji bogate tradicijske kulture čiji značaj premašuje nacionalne granice.

za krizen pitve cross returning

Neophodno je ovom prilikom spomenuti i Starogradsko polje iako ono tematski ne ulazi u opseg ove izložbe jer je riječ o materijalnoj baštini. Starogradsko polje je kao kulturni krajolik 2008. godine uvršteno na UNESCO-ov Popis svjetske baštine. Njegova univerzalna vrijednost ogleda se u očuvanoj geometrijskoj podjeli zemljišta prema grčkoj parcelaciji nastaloj u IV. st. pr. Kr., a nadasve u kontinuitetu obrade i izvora hrane za hvarsko stanovništvo tijekom 24 stoljeća, štoviše uzgoja uglavnom istih poljoprivrednih kultura, u prvom redu masline i vinove loze. To nam ukazuje na ispreplitanje materijalne i nematerijalne kulturne baštine jer su upravo plodovi Polja neizostavni dio mediteranskog stola.

vegetables

Pripadnost Mediteranu izražena u prehrani prepoznaje se na prostoru jadranske obale, otoka i u dijelu zaleđa. Hvar nije slučajno izabran kao reprezentant te prehrane. Najveće plodno polje na dalmatinskim otocima i more bogato ribom davali su dovoljno hrane za otočnu samodostatnost stanovnika. Višetisućljetna izloženost povijesnim mijenama kao i raznim kulturnim utjecajima preko pomorstva i trgovine, hvarsku je gastronomiju učinila jednom od najatraktivnijih na istočnoj obali Jadrana. Ona, naime, u izvornom obliku “unutar kućnih zidova” i danas čuva skromnu poljoprivredno-ribarsku tradiciju “siromaške” kuhinje, ali i karakteristike bogate trpeze pod utjecajima koji su dolazili s istoka i sa zapada Mediterana. Osim toga, zajedničko pribavljanje, dijeljenje te blagovanje hrane kao i obiteljska okupljanja za stolom tijekom svetkovina čine društveni aspekt prehrane koji Mediteran čini tako osobitim i prepoznatljivim.

vg med diet

Otočna društvenost svoj najbogatiji izraz pronašla je u folklornoj glazbi. Zahvaljujući predanom radu istraživača na terenu od XIX. st. naovamo, danas postoji pozamašna građa iz glazbene baštine otoka. Tako su otrgnute od zaborava brojne usmene pripovijetke i pjesme vezane uz život i godišnje običaje. Klapska pjesma također je pronašla svoje mjesto na otoku slijedeći tradiciju dalmatinskih gradića. Danas postoji nekoliko, manje ili više formalno organiziranih, muških i ženskih klapa koje njeguju tradiciju starih pjesama pretežno ljubavne tematike. Osobito su aktivne tijekom ljetnih mjeseci na lokalnim trgovima tijekom otočnih fešta. Uobičajenima su postala i gostovanja otočnih klapa u inozemstvu kojima promoviraju glazbeni identitet Dalmacije.

klapa frecia

Prepoznatljivi simboli otoka i hvarski specifikum svakako su procesija Za križen i čipka od agave hvarskih benediktinki. Pučka pobožnost vrlo je snažna, a vjerski identitet Hvarana u velikoj mjeri određuje dinamiku svagdana i blagdana otočne zajednice. Okosnicu godišnjih blagdana čini uskršnje vrijeme s procesijom Za križen kao centralnom pobožnošću. Ova procesija simbolizira Kristovu muku i duboki narodni iskaz odanosti tradicionalnim vrijednostima.

lepoglava lace example

Iznimni primjeri hrvatskog čipkarstva vode nas u Lepoglavu, na Pag i u grad Hvar. Iza samostanskih zidova hvarskih benediktinki nastaju unikatni primjerci čipke od agave. Dobivanje finog konca mukotrpan je posao izvlačenja niti iz mesnatih listova ove kraljice otočnog kamena. I sama izrada zaštićene čipke od agave vrlo je delikatna vještina kojom barataju samo benediktinke.

hvar muzej cipka

Čipka, doduše ne od agave, bila je uobičajen ukras u brojnim otočkim kućama, njome su se ukrašavala svadbena ruha, haljine ili posteljina. Ovu tradiciju, koja i danas postoji, njegovale su i prenosile žene, a posebna se pažnja pridavala čipki koja je krasila djevojčin miraz.

lepoglava lace

Pet UNESCO-ovih povelja kojima se može podičiti tako mali otok nedvojbeno govori o tisućljetnoj i bogatoj kontinuiranoj povijesti i kulturi Hvara. Recentni globalizacijski procesi i gospodarske promjene mijenjaju tradicionalni stil života. Ipak, neke vrijednosti, duboko ukorijenjene u mentalitet ljudi i danas su važan dio otočnog života. Te su vrijednosti trajna spona između prošlosti i budućnosti otočana kao aktivnih aktera u življenju i čuvanju baštine. Postavljanjem ove izložbe na dvije lokacije ističe se da baština nema jednog vlasnika, ona pripada svima nama, čovjeku i čovječanstvu. Hvarski doprinos izložbi upravo je u vrijednostima koje otočna nematerijalna baština prenosi, a koji su postali prepoznatljivi simboli kulturnog identiteta otoka. U njima se prepoznaju utjecaji, prije svega oni mediteranski, koji su doplovili do hvarske obale i trajno oblikovali život otočnog mikrokozmosa u kojemu su “uvozniˮ elementi dobivali svoje specifičnosti. Jedna takva povijesna veza evocira se upravo ove, 2016. godine. Pred nama je značajna obljetnica osnutka grčkog polisa Farosa na mjestu današnjeg Staroga Grada prije 2400 godina. Prilika je to da se podsjetimo na dva važna elementa tradicije koju svakodnevno živimo – s jedne strane je to kontinuitet izražen kroz očuvanje kulturne baštine, a s druge stalna mijena koja se ogleda u prilagođavanju tradicije zahtjevima novog vremena u kojemu živimo kako bismo je prenijeli naraštajima koji dolaze.

© Marija Plenković 2016

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