Luki, čuvar hvarskih bisera: Tor

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Luki i njegov dvonožni “roditelj” Ivica stalno obilaze Hvar, koristeći stare staze, i ovako pomažu u održavanju starih puteva. Uživaju u lijepoj prirodi i posjetu povijesnih spomenika, od kojih ima puno na otoku.

Luki, 'na vrhu svijeta'! Luki, 'na vrhu svijeta'! Foto: Ivica Drinković

Poviše Jelse se nalazi Tor, na 235 m nadmorske visine, i svake godine Luki i Ivica ga posječuju u proljeće i / ili u jesen.

Luki i Đuro na putu prema Toru. Foto: Ivica Drinković

Put prema Toru iz Jelse krene iz crkve od Gospe Zdravlja i vodi kroz polja i neobrađene terene. Kad se dođe do raskrižja gdje se put dijeli, lijevo se ide za Galešnik i desno za Tor, taj direktan put prema Toru je vrlo strm i neravan, a je lakše ići preko Galešnika. Ukupno treba oko 40 minuta za doći direktno do Tora, ali šetnja može trajati dulje ako nemate dobru kondiciju ili hoćete obratiti više pažnje na prekrasnu okolinu. Naravno, treba imati vodu sa sobom, i se obući prikladno. Važno je nositi dobre cipele - a ne japanke!

Tor. Foto: Kantharos, ljubaznošću Eduarda Viskovića

Tor je još uvijek impozantna zgrada: opis iz istraživanja po projektu „Jadranski otoci“ navodi da je: „Djelomično rekonstruirana grčka kula s mjerama od 6,17 x 7,33 m i 6 m visine. Zidovi su građeni u suhozidu masivnim blokovima s anatirozom na uglovima. Južni zid ima ulaz rekonstruiran s vrlo oskudnim dokazima. Nalazište je smješteno na istaknutom grebenu s odličnim pogledom na Stari Grad, Brač i kopno. Kula je podignuta na bedemu manje gradine... [koja je] zaštićena s tri strane strmim terasnim padinama, a s južne strane suhozidnim bedemom s unutrašnjom obzidom. Bedem mjeri 45 m dužine, 16,4 m širine i 3,6 m visine. Manje područje sjeverno od bedema možda je dio prostora za stanovanje. Bedem je iskopavao M. Zaninović i [V] Mirosavljević. Na osnovu nalaza Zaninović je predložio dataciju gradnje kule u 4/3 st. p. Kr.“

Načelnik Jelse Niko Duboković sa Richardom Burtonom, prosinac 1875. Foto iz arhiva obitelji Nika Dubokovića, ljubaznošću Ecije Benković Duboković

U Hvarskom statutu (1331.) spominje se Tor iznad Jelse. Kroz stoljeće su se arheolozi zainteresirani za Tor i predložili svoje teorije o njegovom gradnju i funkciji. Englez Sir Richard Burton je posjetio Tor u prosincu 1875. godine, i je bio oduševljen. Niko Duboković Nadalini (1965.) je dao svoje mišljenje o Toru: „U grčke spomenike spada i kula Tor nad Jelsom, građena istom tehnikom (nacrt 1 : 100 HA). Služila je očevidno za kontrolu sigurnosti hvarske ravnice, jer ima isto tako veliki segment vizuale kao i Galešnik. Dominira velikim vidnim poljem od Makarskog kanala do ulaza u starogradsku uvalu. Ta je tvrđavica bila veoma čvrsta, možda zbog blizine Ilira koji su se, kod dolaska kolonista kao što je logično, povukli ali su se - prema Diodoru Sicilskom - povukli »na čvrsta mjesta« ostavivši došljacima najplodnije tlo (što je vrlo brzo dovelo do velikog sukoba, u čemu je pomogla Issa). A ta čvrsta mjesta morala bi biti visoravan od Vratnika (Samotorca) prema istoku, te uvale ispod visoravni nad Jelsom i dalje.“ Grgo Novak je napisao: „U IV. stoljeće treba metnuti i kulu »Tor«, koja se diže na jednom brežuljku na jugu nad Jelsom“; Nikša Petrić je tumačio (1986. god.): „... Castrum vetus, osim što je nadaleko kontrolirao morske pristupe otoka, jer je upravo na točkama Grad i Tor pristup iz istočnog dijela ne središnji dio otoka, tj. na središnji prostor Hvara koji se prostire od Jelse do Starog Grada. U helenističkom razdoblju takva je bila funkcija i obližnje utvrde Tor.“

Luki kod Tora. Foto: Ivica Drinković

Međutim, ima još puno za istraživati na tom nalazištu, i nedavno po inicijativi Muzeja Općine Jelsa je počeo ozbiljan projekt iskopavanja u nadi da će se otkriti odgovore na neriješena pitanja iz davne prošlosti.

Mirko Crnčević je opisao projekt za 'Slobodnu Dalmaciju':

„U sklopu projekta obnove i valorizacije utvrde Tor iznad Jelse na Hvaru, koji se provodi u organizaciji Muzeja općine Jelsa, obavljeno je revizijsko arheološko istraživanje unutar i oko tog antičkog lokaliteta, što ga je izvela tvrtka “Kantharos” iz Hvara.

Utvrda Tor, kao jedno od ključnih arheoloških nalazišta na škoju, spominje se u povijesnim izvorima već od 15. stoljeća, a zanimanje za nju raste od 19. stoljeća kada se počinje razvijati arheološka znanost. Znakovito je da je prva arheološka istraživanja tog lokaliteta proveo arheolog Vladimir Mirosavljevićtijekom 60-ih godina prošlog stoljeća.

Iskopanje na nalazištu. Foto: 'Kantharos', ljubaznošću Eduarda Viskovića

U nekoliko kampanja iskopano je više sondi, a u samo jednoj od njih pronađeni su arheološki nalazi. Najvažniji bio je nalaz novca grčkih kolonija Pharosa i Isse, a pronađeno ognjište prema analizi materijala od kojeg je građeno pripada 3. stoljeću prije Krista.

Arheolog hvarskih korijena Marin Zaninović pretpostavio je da u to razdoblje posljedično treba staviti i gradnju Tora.

Masivni kameni blokovi Tora. Foto: Ivica Drinković

– Kula Tor, prema Zaninoviću, građena je za vrijeme vladavine Demetrija Farskog u trećem stoljeću prije Krista da bi služila kao promatračnica Starogradskog polja i brodovlja. Prema drugoj skupini autora, Tor je izgrađen čak stoljeće ranije, kad i grčka kolonija Pharos, kao promatračnica polja. Revizijska istraživanja financirana od Ministarstva kulture trebala su nam dati nove spoznaje o gradini i utvrdi. Otvorene su dvije arheološke sonde koje, nažalost, nisu dale novih podataka – kaže arheolog Eduard Visković.

Daljnja istraživanja u ovoj godini usredotočit će se na dva područja. Na sjevernu prilaznu padinu brijega, gdje se na brojnim malim terasama koje su dijelom prirodne, a dijelom izrađene ljudskom rukom, pronalaze ulomci prapovijesne i crvenkaste antičke keramike i crijepa, a naročito u podnožju kamo su dospjele erozijom tla.

Tor. Foto: Ivica Drinković

Te terase su, pretpostavlja se, podgradinsko naselje. Drugo područje istraživanja bit će stotinjak metara niže od početka strmine gradinskog brijega, tamo gdje on prelazi u zaravan i blaže padine na kojima su aktivni vinogradi.

Naime, uz put koji vodi u Jelsu, prije pedesetak godina pronađeni su grobovi. Prema opisu materijala koji je u njima pronađen, posudica i kopči, radilo se o ilirsko-grčkim ukopima, odnosno najvjerojatnije o ilirskim grobovima s helenističkim materijalom.

Recimo i to da osim arheoloških istraživanja, program zaštite i očuvanja utvrde Tor, koji je Muzej općine Jelsa započeo 2017. godine uz financijsku potporu Ministarstva kulture, također uključuje radove konstruktivne sanacije i rekonstrukcije objekta.

– Sva potrebna dokumentacija za te radove pribavljena je prethodnih godina, pa očekujemo i početak sanacijskih radova. Kulturno-povijesna vrijednost tog lokaliteta i dominantan položaj kule s koje se prostire pogled na Jelšansko i Starogradsko polje te na Hvarski kanal, privlače različite skupine izletnika.

Pogled sa Tora. Foto: Ivica Drinković

Planirana obnova kule kao i njezina primjerena prezentacija svakako će pridonijeti pozitivnom iskustvu kako domaćih tako i stranih izletnika. Osim toga, kula Tor, zajedno s lokalitetom Galešnik koji se nalazi na obližnjoj uzvisini, predstavlja izniman resurs našeg prostora što se itekako može privesti svrsi kulturnog, arheološkog, pa i općenito aktivnog turizma – ističe Marija Plenković, ravnateljica Muzeja.“

Iz 'Slobodne Dalmacije', 26.05.2020., © Mirko Crnčević / Slobodna Dalmacija :

Nažalost radovi nisu se napredovali u 2020, jer zbog potresa ministarstvo povuklo sva sredstva.

Zahvaljujem Ivici Drinkoviću za dopuštenje korištenja njegovih fotografija; Eciji Benković Duboković koja čuva obiteljski arhiv - - Jelsa, pomorska povijest - crtice - i je dopustila korištenje sliku od Richarda Burtona sa Načelnikom Kapetanom Nikom Dubokovićem; Eduardu Viskoviću, vlasniku tvrke 'Kantharos' specijalizirane za arheologiju i fotografiranje, koji je dopustio korištenje slike iz arheoloških radova na Toru; i Mirku Crnčeviću koji je dozvolio reprodukcju teksta o projektu obnove i valorizacije utvrde Tor.

Izvori:

Burton, R. F. 1876. “The Long Wall of Salona and the Ruined Cities of Pharia and Gelsa Di Lesina.” The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 5, pp. 252–300. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2840891. (p.293) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2840891?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

Duboković Nadalini, N. 1965. O fazama razvitka kulture na Hvaru (Orijentacijska skica).Publikacija Historjskog arhiva Hvar 14/1965. u: Duboković Nadalini, N. 2001. Odabrani radovi. Književni krug, Split. ISBN 953-163-176-X. (str. 159)

Novak, G. 1972. Hvar kroz stoljeća. Izdavački zavod Jugoslavenske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti. 3. izdanje (str. 29)

Duboković Nadalini, N. 1989. Hvar, Stari Grad, Vrboska, Jelsa. pub. 'Turistkomerc', Zagreb, in the series Pocket guides for tourists. English translation Karla Cizelj (p. 91)

Gaffney, V., Kirigin, B., Petrić, M., Vujnović, N., Čače, S. 1997. Projekt Jadranski otoci. Svezak 1. Arheološka baština otoka Hvara, Hrvatska. TEMPUS REPARATUM. BAR International Series 660. (str.151)

Petrić, N., ed. Maroević, T. 2015. Zavičaju Hvaru. Sabrane studije i članci. Matica Hrvatska Hvar, Književni krug Split. (str. 189)

 

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