Eco Hvar

Kemijski pesticidi: da li su potrebni?

Postoje li alternative kemijskim pesticidima? Da, naravno.

Leptir i sinerarija Leptir i sinerarija Foto: Vivian Grisogono

U poljoprivredi mogu biti pesticidi istisnuti na razne načine kroz prirodnija sredstva za suzbijanje neželjenih biljaka, biljnih bolesti i insekata. Postoje razne metode za kontrolu insekata, uključujući i jedan patentiran u 2006. godini, koji koristi gljive u zaštiti usjeva od insekata. Hvar ima bogatstvo biljaka, koje se mogu pripremiti kako bi se mogli iskoristiti za ekološku poljoprivredu. Ne zaboravljajući, da je tradicionalna metoda suzbijanja korova u vinogradima bila sadnja graha između vinove loze. Dakle, umjesto grožđa isprepletenog opasnim herbicidima, vlasnik je dobivao dva čista zdrava usjeva. Ovce su uvijek dobro obavljali svoj zadatak, da održavaju maslinike bez korova. Ekološka poljoprivreda uključuje pošten fizički rad, kao i razumijevanje toga, kako biljke rastu i u kakvoj su interaciji sa okolišem. Ekološke metode su u konačnici znatno jeftinije od kemikalija.

Košenje korova. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Kada sam preuzela svoja vlastita polja prije desetak godina, onih nekoliko stabala – četiri masline, dvije smokve, jedno jadno stablo badema – bili su poprilično ugušeni nekontroliranim, divljim raslinjem (ok, korovom za neke) starim nekoliko godina. Polja su pokošena i prekopana dva puta kako bi se vratio red. Ručno čupanje korova i košenje je od tada uvijek bilo dovoljno za održavanje takvog reda. Nikada nisam koristila pesticide ili umjetna gnojiva. Neka područja su ostavljena tako ‘divlja‘. Koje su prednosti? Mogu sigurno jesti svo bilje, koje nikne iz zemlje, kao i plodove stabala. Jako se veselim kada se pojave moje omiljene divlje biljke, aromatično bilje, komorač ili moja orhideja.

Tragopogon, prekrasna divlja biljka. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Postoji čak i raznoliko životinjsko carstvo, fazani, fascinantni insekti i tragovi drugih zanimljivih bića. Moja stabla proizvode zadovoljavajuće rezultate, savršene za moje potrebe. U 2016. godini su moje masline imali lijepih 15% prinosa, moj najbolji prinos do sada. 

Ekološki uzgoj, zaštita od korova uz pomoć folije. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Komercijalni poljoprivrednici obično tvrde, da im pesticidi štede vrijeme. To je vrlo sporno. Kemijski pesticidi nisu efikasni, osim kratkoročno. U svakom slučaju, postoji stalna i sve veća potražnja za organski uzgojenom hranom, kako potrošači postaju svjesni zdravstvenih pogodnosti takve hrane. Hrvatska ekološka poljoprivreda je žalosno mali sektor, ali uz postojanje sve većeg broja ljudi, koji su spremni kupovati organski uzgojenu hranu, i ovaj sektor je u porastu. Turisti na Hvaru očekuju, da će pronaći svježe organske proizvode. Njihovo razočaranje je štetno, ne samo financijski. U svakom pogledu, isplati se uzgajati organski.

Što se tiče komaraca, postoje li bolje načine nego prskanje insekticidima? Prirodno! Nije to tako davno, kada nikakvi tigrasti komarci nisu postojali, ali bilo je dovoljno šišmiša, koji su jeli doslovno stotine komaraca kad god bi imali priliku. Ako bi smo uspjeli opet stvoriti uvjete za šišmiše i druge predatore za komarce, bio bi to veliki napredak.

© Vivian Grisogono MA(Oxon), 2016.

Prijevod Ivana Župan

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Novosti: Biologija.com

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