Kemijski pesticidi: da li su potrebni?

Postoje li alternative kemijskim pesticidima? Da, naravno.

Leptir i sinerarija Leptir i sinerarija Foto: Vivian Grisogono

U poljoprivredi mogu biti pesticidi istisnuti na razne načine kroz prirodnija sredstva za suzbijanje neželjenih biljaka, biljnih bolesti i insekata. Postoje razne metode za kontrolu insekata, uključujući i jedan patentiran u 2006. godini, koji koristi gljive u zaštiti usjeva od insekata. Hvar ima bogatstvo biljaka, koje se mogu pripremiti kako bi se mogli iskoristiti za ekološku poljoprivredu. Ne zaboravljajući, da je tradicionalna metoda suzbijanja korova u vinogradima bila sadnja graha između vinove loze. Dakle, umjesto grožđa isprepletenog opasnim herbicidima, vlasnik je dobivao dva čista zdrava usjeva. Ovce su uvijek dobro obavljali svoj zadatak, da održavaju maslinike bez korova. Ekološka poljoprivreda uključuje pošten fizički rad, kao i razumijevanje toga, kako biljke rastu i u kakvoj su interaciji sa okolišem. Ekološke metode su u konačnici znatno jeftinije od kemikalija.

Košenje korova. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Kada sam preuzela svoja vlastita polja prije desetak godina, onih nekoliko stabala – četiri masline, dvije smokve, jedno jadno stablo badema – bili su poprilično ugušeni nekontroliranim, divljim raslinjem (ok, korovom za neke) starim nekoliko godina. Polja su pokošena i prekopana dva puta kako bi se vratio red. Ručno čupanje korova i košenje je od tada uvijek bilo dovoljno za održavanje takvog reda. Nikada nisam koristila pesticide ili umjetna gnojiva. Neka područja su ostavljena tako divlja. Koje su prednosti? Mogu sigurno jesti svo bilje, koje nikne iz zemlje, kao i plodove stabala. Jako se veselim kada se pojave moje omiljene divlje biljke, aromatično bilje, komorač ili moja orhideja.

Tragopogon, prekrasna divlja biljka. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Postoji čak i raznoliko životinjsko carstvo, fazani, fascinantni insekti i tragovi drugih zanimljivih bića. Moja stabla proizvode zadovoljavajuće rezultate, savršene za moje potrebe. U 2016. godini su moje masline imali lijepih 15% prinosa, moj najbolji prinos do sada. 

Ekološki uzgoj, zaštita od korova uz pomoć folije. Foto: Vivian Grisogono

Komercijalni poljoprivrednici obično tvrde, da im pesticidi štede vrijeme. To je vrlo sporno. Kemijski pesticidi nisu efikasni, osim kratkoročno. U svakom slučaju, postoji stalna i sve veća potražnja za organski uzgojenom hranom, kako potrošači postaju svjesni zdravstvenih pogodnosti takve hrane. Hrvatska ekološka poljoprivreda je žalosno mali sektor, ali uz postojanje sve većeg broja ljudi, koji su spremni kupovati organski uzgojenu hranu, i ovaj sektor je u porastu. Turisti na Hvaru očekuju, da će pronaći svježe organske proizvode. Njihovo razočaranje je štetno, ne samo financijski. U svakom pogledu, isplati se uzgajati organski.

Što se tiče komaraca, postoje li bolje načine nego prskanje insekticidima? Prirodno! Nije to tako davno, kada nikakvi tigrasti komarci nisu postojali, ali bilo je dovoljno šišmiša, koji su jeli doslovno stotine komaraca kad god bi imali priliku. Ako bi smo uspjeli opet stvoriti uvjete za šišmiše i druge predatore za komarce, bio bi to veliki napredak.

© Vivian Grisogono MA(Oxon), 2016.

Prijevod Ivana Župan

Video sadržaj

Nalazite se ovdje: Home zanimljivosti Opasni otrovi! Kemijski pesticidi: da li su potrebni?

Eco Environment News feeds

  • Researchers say problem could increase number of people at risk of starvation by 400m in next two decades

    The pollution of the planet by microplastics is significantly cutting food supplies by damaging the ability of plants to photosynthesise, according to a new assessment.

    The analysis estimates that between 4% and 14% of the world’s staple crops of wheat, rice and maize is being lost due to the pervasive particles. It could get even worse, the scientists said, as more microplastics pour into the environment.

    Continue reading...

  • André Corrêa do Lago suggests US organisations can play a constructive role even if government limits participation

    The US will be “central” to solving the climate crisis despite Donald Trump’s withdrawal of government support and cash, the president of the next UN climate summit has said.

    André Corrêa do Lago, president-designate of the Cop30 summit for the host country, Brazil, hinted that businesses and other organisations in the US could play a constructive role without the White House.

    Continue reading...

  • Environment secretary points to measures to stop lake being ‘choked by unacceptable levels’ of pollution

    The government has said it will “clean up Windermere” after criticism over the volume of sewage being pumped into England’s largest lake.

    The environment secretary, Steve Reed, pledged “only rainwater” would enter the famous body of water in the Lake District, putting an end to the situation where it Windermere was being “choked by unacceptable levels of sewage pollution”.

    Continue reading...

  • Campaigners say funding halt is a ‘staggering blow’ to vulnerable nations and to efforts to keep heating below 1.5C

    Donald Trump’s withdrawal of US overseas aid will almost decimate global climate finance from the developed world, data shows, with potentially devastating impacts on vulnerable nations.

    The US was responsible last year for about $8 in every $100 that flowed from the rich world to developing countries, to help them cut greenhouse gas emissions and cope with the impacts of extreme weather, according to data from the analyst organisation Carbon Brief.

    Continue reading...

  • Pfas are poisoning our soil and polluting our lungs. The EPA is finally sounding the alarm – but that’s not enough

    Several years ago, I made a movie called Dark Waters, which told the real-life story of a community in West Virginia poisoned by Pfas “forever chemicals”. DuPont – a chemical manufacturing plant – contaminated the local water supply, killing cows and wildlife, making its workers sick and exposing local residents to toxic chemicals. It was an environmental horror story.

    It’s still happening across the country.

    Continue reading...

  • Llandrindod Wells, Powys: They’re such captivating birds to watch, and this pair is indulging their preference for flower buds on my cherry tree

    “Hardly hedgerows, little lines of sportive wood run wild”. I was sitting at my dining table, relishing the growing warmth of early spring sunlight, idling over coffee and musing on how apt a description of the towering unkempt hedges around my garden Wordsworth’s lines from Tintern Abbey are, when the pair of bullfinches that inhabit there captivated my attention.

    They are so conjugal – the dowdier hen always in close and discreet attendance on her more brightly coloured spouse. To my mind, few small British birds can match the exquisite colour balance of the male bullfinch – the bright pink glow of his breast, his sleek black cap, the beautiful grey of his wings. I love them, and can watch their activities for hours, especially in early spring when they are notably active, with branches bare of foliage and little else stirring.

    Continue reading...

  • An ugly fight has ripped through Galloway in south-west Scotland, with rival campaigns complaining of dirty tricks and murky finances. How could the mere possibility of a new national park stir up so much ill will?

    As soon as the green fields of Galloway, in south-west Scotland, were selected as the preferred site for Britain’s first new national park in 15 years, Denise Brownlee sprang into action. The 64-year-old retired civil servant had served two seasons as a park ranger in Loch Lomond and the Trossachs, and knew a thing or two about the chaos brought by thoughtless day-trippers and campers. “The detritus!” she says. “I’ve seen a two-man tent used as a human litter tray. You think dog poo on the pavement is bad? Try wandering up any remote little area in a national park. Your faith in humankind gets lost.”

    In July, Galloway was chosen as the frontrunner from a shortlist of five areas as part of the Scottish government’s pledge to designate at least one new national park – the country’s third – by 2026. The park’s creation, however, is by no means assured. The other areas in the running had faced varying degrees of opposition (especially Lochaber in the west Highlands), but no one could have predicted the ugly fight that was to tear through one of Scotland’s most picturesque regions, rip apart friendships and turn neighbours against each other.

    Continue reading...

  • Rainfall in Bahía Blanca led to 10 deaths, swept away vehicles, destroyed bridges and left areas underwater

    The city of Bahía Blanca in Argentina had a new rainfall record on Friday, after a recent heatwave. More than 400mm (15.7in) of rain was recorded in just eight hours, more than twice the city’s previous record of 175mm set in 1930, and roughly equivalent to a year’s worth of rainfall.

    The heatwave primed the atmosphere for heavy rainfall by creating high instability and raising humidity levels. Then on Friday, as a cold front swept across the region, this warm moist air was able to rise, cool and rapidly condense, leading to severe thunderstorms across the region. As the front then continued northwards towards Buenos Aires over the weekend, further severe storms were triggered, containing heavy rain, hail and strong gusts.

    Continue reading...

  • Two Italian cacti smugglers have been fined for illegally trading plants from Chile – and for the cost of restoring the environment. Conservationists hope more cases will follow

    Chile’s Atacama desert is one of the driest places on Earth, a surprisingly cool environment, sucked clean of moisture by the cold ocean to the west. This arid, golden landscape is home to many rare species of cacti, which attract professional and amateur botanists from around the world keen to make discoveries and experience the thrill of naming a new species.

    But they are not the only ones prowling the sands: Atacama has become a hotspot for succulent smuggling.

    Continue reading...

  • Damage to trees in western North Carolina from Hurricane Helene was ‘extraordinary and humbling’ but urban areas face particular problems

    The city of Asheville and its surrounding areas have been left vulnerable to floods, fires and extreme heat after Hurricane Helene uprooted thousands of trees that provided shade and protection from storms.

    Helene was catastrophic for the region’s trees – in part due to the heavy precursor rainstorm that pounded southern Appalachia for two days straight, drenching the soil before Helene hit, bringing yet more heavy rain and 60-100mph winds.

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com

Izvor nije pronađen