Mravi i humano rješenje

Objavljeno u Priroda zna bolje!

O mravima i vrstama mrava, uz opis njihovih uloga i kako njih riješiti, ako treba, na human način

Mravi i humano rješenje kookabee, design by Melita Kukac

MRAVI: Prijatelji ili štetočine?

Na svijetu je nevjerojatan broj mrava, raznih vrsta s različitim karakteristikama. Članovi su porodice Formicidae, te potičući iz reda Hymenoptera (opnokrilci) srodni su pčelama i osama. Žive u vrlo organiziranim kolonijama, u mnogim potpuno različitim uvjetima, no pravo mjesto za mrave je na otvorenom. Tamo rade svoja gnijezda pod zemljom ili na drugim odabranim sigurnim mjestima kako bi skladištili hranu i osigurali prostor za razmnožavanje kraljica.

Mravi kao pomagači:

- mravi održavaju okoliš čistim razgrađujući organski otpad, insekte i mrtve životinje

- mnogi mravi sakupljaju i koriste otpad od lišća

- mravi stolari ubrzavaju razgradnju mrtvog i bolesnog drveta

- mravi poboljšavaju drenažu tla: okretanjem i prozračivanjem tla omogućuju da voda i kisik dopru do korijena biljaka; također donose kamenčiće i druge čestice do vrha tla

- mravi poboljšavaju i kemiju tla unoseći svoje zalihe hrane, obogaćujući tlo hranom i izlučevinama; posebno tako povećavaju dušik i fosfor, čime ostavljaju za sobom tlo koje je više-manje pH neutralno

- mnogi mravi raspršuju sjeme na mjesta gdje mogu cvjetati: čuvaju sjeme prenoseći ga u sigurnija staništa bogata hranjivim tvarima gdje su zaštićeni od žderača sjemenja, suše i požara; ljudi mogu sakupljati ta spremišta sjemena kada je to potrebno

- neki mravi štite biljke koje proizvode poseban nektar od drugih insekata koji bi im mogli naštetiti.

- mravi love insekte štetočine i njihova jajašca – uključujući druge mrave, krpelje, termite, škorpione i smrdibube

- mravi tkalci koriste se kao biološka kontrola u uzgoju citrusa, posebno u Kini

- vatreni mravi suzbijaju štetnike na obrađenim poljima

- šumski mravi pomažu u suzbijanju potkornjaka i gusjenica

- u rijetkim slučajevima mravi mogu biti oprašivači, na primjer nekih orhideja

- u nekim dijelovima svijeta ljudi jedu određene vrste mrava

- u nekim se zemljama veliki mravi, kao što su vojnički mravi, koriste umjesto šavova nakon operacija

Mravi kao štetočine
- neki mravi grizu, što može uzrokovati razne reakcije od blage iritacije do ozbiljne alergije, ovisno o vrsti mrava
- neki mravi štite biljne uši i brašnaste stjenice kako bi si osigurali izvor visokoenergetskog cvjetnog meda: zaštićene brašnaste stjenice mogu uzrokovati probleme u uzgoju voća, osobito ananasa

- mravi mogu biti štetni ako se odluče ugnijezditi u zgradi ili nečijem domu

Prirodni predatori

- djetlići i druge ptice koje se hrane kukcima

- određene vrste žaba

- muhe

- određene gljive

- neke gusjenice

- mravojedi, ljuskavci, ješci i numbati

- smeđi medvjedi, koji prvenstveno jedu ličinke i kukuljice mrava stolara

Prirodna sredstva protiv mrava

Higijena je naravno ključna. Kako bi ste spriječili ulazak mrava u dom ili ih istjerali, možete pomiješati bijeli ocat pola-pola s vodom i njime oribati sve površine na kojima su se mravi pojavili.

Mirisi bijelog octa i raznih eteričnih ulja poput paprene metvice, ulja čajevca, ulja cimeta ili ulja nima, učinkovita su sredstva protiv mrava. Vlastiti sprej možete napraviti tako da napunite špricaljku s vodom i dodate žličicu-dvije odabrane tvari te poprskate oko mjesta kuda su mravi ušli. Alternativno, možete namočiti štapiće od vate u sredstvo i postaviti ih oko najezde mrava. NAPOMENA: imajte na umu da su mnoga eterična ulja, posebice ulje paprene metvice i čajevca, otrovna za kućne ljubimce, pa osigurajte da oni ne dođu u kontakt s tim tvarima.

Ostale metode uključuju posipanje taloga kave, papra, kajenskog papra ili cimeta u prahu po putevima mrava ili postavljanje kore citrusa oko njih.

NAPOMENA: Ne preporučujemo ubijanje mrava.

Međutim, za one koje to ipak žele, prirodni insekticidi uključuju boraks, bornu kiselinu, kukuruzno brašno i kremenu zemlju.

NAPOMENA: kremena ili dijatomejska zemlja povezuje se s kožnim alergijskim reakcijama i problemima s plućima kod ljudi.

NADA KOZULIĆ: JEDNO OSOBNO ISKUSTVO

Kako riješiti mrave koji su ušli u prostor bez otrova i bez ubijanja.

Mravi su vrlo korisna stvorenja, ali ne u našoj kući ili stanu. A kad nam „usele“ u stambeni prostor, počinje ogorčena borba kako ih se riješiti, pogotovo ako ne želite ni mrave, a posredno ni sebe, trovati raznim otrovima.

Pred nekoliko godina mravi iz zemlje odlučili se smjestiti u dnu ulaznih vrata, čak su pojeli jedan dio gdje su smjestili maticu i njena jaja. Probala sam različita sredstva (osim otrova) da ih otjeram i da ih usmjerim drugamo, gdje bi stvorili novo stanište.

Na kraju pokušala sam ih se riješiti jednostavnim sredstvom koje ima svatko u kući – alkoholnim octom. Čim su osjetili miris octa počeli su bježati, dobro sam prskala  octom tu „cestu“ kojom su se kretali kao i njihovo stanište. Ponovila sam to idućih 2 – 3 dana i cijelo ljeto bila mirna.

Sljedeće godine, sredinom lipnja opet sam vidjela da su krenuli prema starom staništu, ponovila sam tretman alkoholnim octom i rezultat je bio isti, mravi su nestali. Još sam posipala prahom buhača, za svaki slučaj. Mravi su otišli negdje drugdje gdje ne smetaju.

Informacije sastavili Nada Kozulić, Nicholas Haas i Vivian Grisogono, 2022.

Prijevod: Josip Vlainić

 

Više u ovoj kategoriji: Healthy Herbs and Spices »
Nalazite se ovdje: Home info Priroda zna bolje! Mravi i humano rješenje

Eco Environment News feeds

  • Exclusive: Newly uncovered documents reveal chemicals giant was aware ‘environmentally neutral’ products did not biodegrade

    The multibillion-dollar chemicals company 3M told customers its firefighting foams were harmless and biodegradable when it knew they contained toxic substances so persistent they are now known as “forever chemicals” and banned in many countries including the UK, newly uncovered documents show.

    From the 1960s until 2003, 3M made foams containing PFOS and PFOA (perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid), synthetic chemicals that can take tens of thousands of years to degrade in the environment and have been linked to cancers and a range of other health problems such as thyroid disease, high cholesterol, hormonal problems and fertility issues.

    Continue reading...

  • Exclusive: Sampling results show ‘extremely concerning’ concentrations of PFOS and PFOA at sites across UK

    RAF bases are hotspots of toxic “forever chemical” pollution in water, analysis of Ministry of Defence documents has revealed.

    Moreover, some of the highest concentrations of these chemicals in British drinking water sources are near RAF bases, official sampling results obtained by the Guardian and Watershed Investigations show.

    Continue reading...

  • British arm of Heartland, which has taken oil and Republican funding, to be led by ex-Ukip head Lois Perry

    Climate science deniers are lining up a political offensive in Britain after a US lobby group opened a UK branch which is already working with Nigel Farage.

    The Reform UK leader was the guest of honour at the launch of Heartland UK/Europe, which is to be headed by a former leader of Ukip and climate denier.

    Continue reading...

  • Adventure centre projects will promote interest in natural world, boosting young people’s wellbeing

    A £150,000 initiative to tackle the “teenage dip” in nature connectedness will involve the Scout Association introducing rewilding to its adventure centres across the UK.

    The funding, announced on Wednesday by the environmental charity Rewilding Britain, will support 11 projects aimed at putting young people at the heart of nature restoration. Several focus explicitly on reversing the sharp decline in young people’s engagement with the natural world during adolescence.

    Continue reading...

  • Review could lead to bans on plastic chemicals including vinyl chloride, compound at center of 2023 Ohio train wreck

    The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is launching a formal review of five highly toxic plastic chemicals, including vinyl chloride, the notorious compound at the center of the East Palestine, Ohio, train wreck fire. The move could lead to strong limits or bans on the substances.

    Vinyl chloride is most commonly used in PVC pipe and packaging production, but is also cancerous and highly flammable. For about 50 years, the federal government has considered limits on the substance, but industry has thwarted most regulatory efforts, hidden the substances’ risks and is already mobilizing against the new review.

    Continue reading...

  • Legislation has new life in wake of Los Angeles catastrophe but US fossil-fuel industry is already mobilizing against it

    In the year preceding the devastating Los Angeles county wildfires, big oil fiercely lobbied to kill a “polluter pay” bill that moved through the California senate and would have forced major fossil fuel companies to help cover the costs of climate disasters.

    Fossil-fuel industry lobbying in California spiked to record levels during the 2023-24 legislative session, and the polluter pay bill was among the most targeted pieces of legislation, a Guardian review of state lobby filings found.

    Continue reading...

  • In El Valle, the world’s second-most expensive spice is not just providing an economic lifeline but also helping to preserve rich biodiversity

    As he wanders around a corner of his land, inspecting his crops, Luilly Murillo González stops and leans down to examine a twisting green vine. He spots four budding flowers, early indications that he will soon harvest his prized product: vanilla.

    “What joy! What damn joy!” he says, shaking his fists in the air, a smile spreading across his face. “Growing vanilla requires a lot of love. You have to be enamoured of the crop, passionate about it.”

    Continue reading...

  • An Environment Agency report has identified more than 10,000 ‘high-risk sites’ contaminated with PFAS

    Continue reading...

  • Women with little to no formal education trained to become solar technicians, transforming villages and tackling patriarchal norms

    In a dimly lit corridor of a mud-walled house nestled among coconut trees, Sharifa Hussein stripped red and black cables, a screwdriver voltage tester balanced between her lips and rolls of cable lying by her feet.

    Then, with the help of three other women, she attached the two wires to an electronic device nailed on the wall.

    Continue reading...

  • A Guardian and Quinto Elemento Lab investigation finds very high levels of lead and arsenic in homes near a factory processing US toxic waste

    Raquel Villarreal lives in a bright-yellow house in Mexico’s Monterrey metropolitan area with her family and nine cats. Here, the emergency medicine doctor has raised three daughters, one of whom died at the age of 14.

    Just steps away is an industrial plant that operates 24 hours a day, emitting pollution that neighbors say blankets the neighborhood and which Villarreal says is hard to remove from her car.

    Continue reading...

Novosti: Cybermed.hr

Novosti: Biologija.com

Izvor nije pronađen